Patient: A 45-year-old male presents with a fractured Class II amalgam filling on his lower right first molar. Diagnosis: Failure due to 'creep' and 'fatigue' causing marginal ditching and secondary caries. Treatment Steps: 1. Remove old amalgam using a #330 carbide bur. 2. Clean cavity with 2% chlorhexidine. 3. Apply bonding agent (e.g., Single Bond Universal). 4. Place a composite resin (e.g., Filtek Z250) which has higher fatigue resistance than amalgam. 5. Light cure for 20 seconds. 6. Adjust occlusion with articulating paper. Follow-up: At 6 months, the restoration shows no sign of 'creep' or fracture, maintaining full anatomical form.