Q: Compute L,M,N for sphere radius R (outward normal). X(θ,φ) = R(sinφcosθ,sinφsinθ,cosφ). n = X/R (outward!). X_θθ = R(-sinφcosθ,-sinφsinθ,0). L = X_θθ·n = R(-sinφcosθ)(sinφcosθ)+... = -Rsin²φ(sin²θ+cos²θ) = -Rsin²φ. Similarly: M = 0, N = -R. II = -Rsin²φdθ²-Rdφ² = -(1/R)I! (Sign: normal choice! Inward: +(1/R)!)