A TB patient feels better after 1 month and wants to stop medicines. Stopping early breeds MDR-TB — the surviving bacilli are the resistant ones; 6 months (2HRZE/4HR) exists because mycobacteria die slowly. DOTS (directly observed therapy) watches every dose — compliance is the treatment as much as the drugs. Defaulters return with MDR (resistant to isoniazid + rifampicin) needing 9–20 months of toxic second-line drugs. The counseling at month 1 decides the outcome at month 6.