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Bioenergetics: electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

Biochemistry · MBBS

Animal cell explorer

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Peek inside an animal cell — pick an organelle to highlight it and learn its job.

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Study notes

Cyanide poisoning kills in minutes despite normal blood oxygen. Cyanide blocks complex IV — electrons can't reach oxygen, the whole chain jams, proton pumping stops, ATP synthesis collapses. Blood stays oxygenated (arterial and venous both bright red) but cells can't use it — histotoxic hypoxia: oxygen present, unusable. Antidotes (nitrites, hydroxocobalamin) pull cyanide off the enzyme. The lesson: breathing delivers oxygen, but the ETC spends it — poison the spender and oxygen becomes decoration.

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