Bone and soft tissue pathology: fractures healing, osteomyelitis, bone tumors
Pathology · MBBS
Animal cell explorer
Interactive 3DPeek inside an animal cell — pick an organelle to highlight it and learn its job.
Controls
Drag the sliders or type a value — the simulation updates live.
Study notes
A teenager has worsening knee pain and a sunburst X-ray at the distal femur. This is osteosarcoma until proven otherwise — peak in teens, metaphysis of long bones (distal femur, proximal tibia), sunburst periosteal reaction and Codman's triangle on X-ray. Biopsy confirms; treatment is neoadjuvant chemotherapy + limb-sparing surgery. Night pain and a growing mass in a teen is never 'growing pains' — the X-ray pattern is the alarm, and delay costs limbs and lives.
Related topics
- General pathology: cell injury, necrosis, apoptosis
- General pathology: cellular adaptations, intracellular accumulations
- General pathology: acute and chronic inflammation
- General pathology: tissue repair, wound healing, fibrosis
- General pathology: hemodynamic disorders — edema, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, shock
- General pathology: immunopathology — hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, transplant rejection