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Endocrine pathology: thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pancreatic disorders

Pathology · MBBS

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A woman has sweaty tremor, weight loss, staring eyes, and a diffusely enlarged thyroid. This is Graves' disease — autoimmune TSH-receptor antibodies drive the thyroid (hyperthyroidism: tremor, weight loss, palpitations, heat intolerance) plus infiltrative eye disease (staring, proptosis — unique to Graves). Carbimazole blocks synthesis; radioiodine or surgery for definitive treatment; eye disease needs its own care (steroids, sometimes decompression). The eyes diagnose Graves before labs do — hyperthyroidism with ophthalmopathy is Graves until proven otherwise.

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