Vomiting blood — variceal bleed in cirrhosis; octreotide + band ligation within hours. Upper GI bleed (hematemesis — variceal — portal hypertension: octreotide + band ligation; non-variceal — ulcer: high-dose PPI + endoscopic clipping/adrenaline): resuscitate (IV fluids, transfuse), endoscopy <24h. GERD (heartburn, regurgitation — worse lying: weight loss, head-up, PPI 8 weeks; alarm — dysphagia, weight loss — scope). PUD (H. pylori — urea breath/stool antigen: triple therapy 14 days; NSAID — stop + PPI; complications — perforation — rigid abdomen, surgery; obstruction). The vomited blood is the emergency — scope within a day.