A diabetic's vision blurs — fundus shows new vessels; pan-retinal laser prevents blindness. Diabetic retinopathy (microvascular — NPDR: microaneurysms, dot-blot hemorrhages, hard exudates; macular edema — laser/focal; PDR: neovascularization — bleeds, tractional detachment): annual dilated screening catches pre-symptomatic; pan-retinal photocoagulation burns ischemic retina (stops VEGF drive). Retinal detachment (flashes → floaters → curtain shadow — myopia/trauma; scleral buckle/vitrectomy — urgent, macula-on best). AMD (elderly central blur — dry: drusen, AREDS vitamins; wet: choroidal neovascularization — anti-VEGF injections). The diabetic eye needs yearly photos — vessels warn before vision fails.