Step 1: Verify the NAND gate (IC 7400). Power the IC: pin 14 to +5 V, pin 7 to ground. Gate 1 uses pins 1, 2 (inputs) and 3 (output). Step 2: Connect inputs to +5 V (logic 1) or ground (logic 0) through 1 kΩ resistors; connect the output to an LED with a 330 Ω series resistor to ground. Step 3: Truth table test: (0,0) → LED ON (1); (0,1) → ON (1); (1,0) → ON (1); (1,1) → LED OFF (0). Step 4: The output is 0 only when both inputs are 1 — the NAND truth table Y = (A·B)' is verified. Step 5: Universality demo: tie both NAND inputs together — it becomes a NOT gate. Verify: input 0 → output 1, input 1 → output 0. Result: NAND verified; NOT built from NAND confirms NAND is universal — any logic function can be built from NAND gates alone.