An AC source v = 100 sin(100πt) volts drives a circuit, and the current is i = 5 sin(100πt − π/6) amperes. Identify the phase difference and say whether the current leads or lags the voltage. Also find the rms values. Step 1: Compare with standard forms v = V₀sin(ωt), i = I₀sin(ωt + φ). Here V₀ = 100 V, I₀ = 5 A, ω = 100π rad/s, and φ = −π/6 = −30°. Step 2: Negative φ means the current reaches its peak 30° (one-twelfth of a cycle) after the voltage — the current LAGS the voltage by 30°. On a phasor diagram the current arrow points 30° clockwise from the voltage arrow. The circuit is net inductive. Step 3: Vrms = V₀/√2 = 100/1.414 ≈ 70.7 V; Irms = 5/1.414 ≈ 3.54 A. (Meters always read these rms values, not the peaks.) So a −30° phase tells the whole story: inductive behaviour, and the power factor will be cos(30°) ≈ 0.866.