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Shock waves and Mach number (introductory)

Sound waves · Physics

Transverse wave

Interactive 3D

A travelling wave ribbon. Raise the amplitude to make it taller, the frequency to make it faster.

Controls

Drag the sliders or type a value — the simulation updates live.

m
0.1m1m
Hz
0.5Hz3Hz

Study notes

A fighter jet flies at 680 m/s at an altitude where the speed of sound is 295 m/s. (a) Find its Mach number and classify the flight. (b) Find the half-angle of its Mach cone. Solution: (a) M = v/v_sound = 680/295 = 2.31. Since M > 1, the flight is supersonic. (b) sin(mu) = 1/M = 1/2.31 = 0.433, so mu = arcsin(0.433) = 25.7 degrees. Observers on the ground hear a sonic boom as this 25.7-degree cone sweeps past them.

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