Clinical biochemistry: liver function tests, renal function tests
Biochemistry · MBBS
Animal cell explorer
Interactive 3DPeek inside an animal cell — pick an organelle to highlight it and learn its job.
Controls
Drag the sliders or type a value — the simulation updates live.
Study notes
A jaundiced patient's labs: bilirubin high, ALT 1200, ALP normal, albumin normal. This is hepatocellular injury — ALT 1200 (massive liver cell damage, e.g. viral hepatitis or paracetamol poisoning) with normal ALP (no bile obstruction) and normal albumin/PT (synthesis still intact — acute, not chronic). The pattern discriminates: ALT-dominant = liver cells dying; ALP-dominant = bile blocked; low albumin/prolonged PT = chronic failure. LFTs are a pattern language — each enzyme a sentence about what's breaking.
Related topics
- Biomolecules: carbohydrates — structure and classification
- Biomolecules: lipids — structure, classification, lipoproteins
- Biomolecules: proteins — structure, classification, amino acids
- Biomolecules: nucleotides, nucleic acids, DNA structure
- Enzymes: kinetics, inhibition, regulation, clinical enzymology
- Bioenergetics: electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation