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Let's trace how a sapling becomes a tree. Step 1: Apical meristem at the tip of the stem divides rapidly, pushing the plant upward to reach sunlight. Step 2: As the plant gains height, some cells are left behind; these become 'intercalary' at the nodes, allowing the plant to branch out and develop leaves. Step 3: Years pass, and the plant needs to be strong. The lateral meristem (specifically the vascular cambium) begins dividing to form new wood layers, making the stem thick and sturdy so it doesn't break in the wind.