Bond parameters: length, angle, energy
Chemical Bonding (Basics) · Chemistry
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Arrange C–C, C=C, C≡C by length and bond energy, and explain the trend. Lengths: C–C (154 pm) > C=C (134 pm) > C≡C (120 pm). Energies: C–C (347) < C=C (614) < C≡C (839 kJ/mol). Step 1: More shared pairs pull nuclei closer → shorter. Step 2: Shorter overlap is more effective → stronger. Step 3: Note: double is NOT 2× single (614 < 2×347) — pi bonds are weaker than sigma. Same pattern in N–N, O–O series.