Catalysis on surfaces
Surface Chemistry and Colloids · Chemistry
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In the Haber process, N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ on iron at 450°C. Why is iron needed and why so hot? Step 1: N≡N triple bond is extremely strong; without help it barely reacts. Step 2: N₂ adsorbs on iron; the surface donates electron density, weakening the N≡N bond. Step 3: H₂ also adsorbs and splits into atoms on the surface. Step 4: N and H atoms migrate, meet, and form NH₃ which desorbs. Heat is still needed, but far less than without catalyst.