Glass and ceramics (intro)
Industrial Chemistry · Chemistry
Study notes
Why does lab glassware survive flame heating but ordinary glass cracks? Step 1: Ordinary soda-lime glass: high thermal expansion → uneven heating cracks it. Step 2: Borosilicate (Pyrex): B₂O₃ added → low expansion coefficient. Step 3: Low expansion → thermal shock resistant. Step 4: Composition decides — boron tames expansion!