Nephrology: glomerular diseases, tubular disorders, dialysis basics
General Medicine · MBBS
Study notes
A child with puffy eyes and massive proteinuria — minimal change disease; steroids induce remission. Nephrotic syndrome (protein >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia — children: minimal change — selective albuminuria, steroids work; adults: FSGS, membranous — biopsy): complications — infections, thrombosis; treat — steroids ± immunosuppressants, ACE-I, statins. Nephritic (hematuria, hypertension, oliguria — post-streptococcal — ASO+, low C3; IgA — synpharyngitic; RPGN — crescents — pulse steroids + cyclophosphamide urgently). Dialysis (hemodialysis — AV fistula, thrice weekly; peritoneal — home, continuous). The puffy eyes are protein loss — urine proves it.
Related topics
- Cardiology: ischemic heart disease — angina, MI
- Cardiology: heart failure, cardiomyopathies
- Cardiology: arrhythmias, conduction blocks, valvular heart disease
- Cardiology: hypertension, pericardial diseases, infective endocarditis
- Respiratory medicine: asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis
- Respiratory medicine: pneumonia, tuberculosis, pleural diseases