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Nephrology: glomerular diseases, tubular disorders, dialysis basics

General Medicine · MBBS

Study notes

A child with puffy eyes and massive proteinuria — minimal change disease; steroids induce remission. Nephrotic syndrome (protein >3.5g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia — children: minimal change — selective albuminuria, steroids work; adults: FSGS, membranous — biopsy): complications — infections, thrombosis; treat — steroids ± immunosuppressants, ACE-I, statins. Nephritic (hematuria, hypertension, oliguria — post-streptococcal — ASO+, low C3; IgA — synpharyngitic; RPGN — crescents — pulse steroids + cyclophosphamide urgently). Dialysis (hemodialysis — AV fistula, thrice weekly; peritoneal — home, continuous). The puffy eyes are protein loss — urine proves it.

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