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A stroke patient understands everything but speaks in broken, halting words. This is Broca's aphasia — damage to Broca's area in the left frontal lobe, the speech production center. Comprehension (Wernicke's area, temporal lobe) is intact, so the patient knows what to say but can't form fluent sentences. The reverse pattern — fluent but meaningless speech with poor understanding — points to Wernicke's area instead. Location of damage predicts the exact deficit.