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Example: Two gas molecules and two energy levels (0 and 1). 1. List all possible microstates. - Both molecules in level 0: (0,0) - Both in level 1: (1,1) - One in 0, one in 1: (0,1) - One in 1, one in 0: (1,0) Total microstates Ω = 4. 2. Identify macrostates based on the number of molecules in each level. - Macrostate A: 2 molecules in level 0 → 1 microstate. - Macrostate B: 1 molecule in each level → 2 microstates. - Macrostate C: 2 molecules in level 1 → 1 microstate. 3. Calculate entropy for each macrostate using S = k_B ln Ω (take k_B = 1 for simplicity). - S_A = ln(1) = 0. - S_B = ln(2) ≈ 0.693. - S_C = ln(1) = 0. 4. Interpretation: Macrostate B with more microstates has higher entropy and is more likely.