Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles of extraction
Metallurgy and Extraction (General Principles) · Chemistry
Gas piston lab
Interactive 3DHeat the gas and watch molecules speed up — pressure obeys the gas laws live.
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Study notes
Use ΔG to show why carbon can't reduce Al₂O₃ at 1000°C. Step 1: Reaction: 2Al₂O₃ + 3C → 4Al + 3CO₂. Step 2: Ellingham: Al₂O₃ line lies BELOW C→CO line at 1000°C. Step 3: ΔG = +ve (products less stable than reactants in free-energy terms). Step 4: Not feasible — need electrolysis (electrical work overcomes ΔG). Thermodynamics forbids!