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A leg wound with bone visible — open fracture; antibiotics, tetanus, debridement. Open fractures (bone communicates — emergency: antibiotics <1h — cefuroxime + gentamicin; tetanus; debridement — <6h — washout; stabilize — external fixator; Gustilo I–III — severity): compartment syndrome (tight fascia — pain out of proportion, pain on stretch, pallor, pulselessness late: measure pressure; fasciotomy — urgently — muscle dies 6h): fat embolism (long bone fractures — 24–72h — dyspnea, confusion, petechiae — axilla: supportive — oxygen; prevent — early fixation). The pain out of proportion is compartment — cut the fascia.