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A woman — 5cm dilated, contractions; partograph plotted; alert line crossed — augmented. Normal labor (1st — latent <4cm, active ≥4cm — 1cm/h; 2nd — full dilatation → delivery — primi <2h; 3rd — placenta — <30 min: mechanisms — engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation): partograph (plots cervical dilatation, descent, contractions, FHR vs time — alert line — 1cm/h; action line — 4h right: cross alert — augment — ARM/oxytocin; cross action — intervene): monitoring (FHR — normal 110–160; meconium; maternal — vitals, urine), AMTSL (oxytocin 10 IU IM — controlled cord traction — uterine massage — prevents PPH). The partograph is the labor ECG — plot every contraction.