Gynecology: menopause and HRT, puberty disorders
Obstetrics and Gynecology · MBBS
Study notes
A 52-year-old — hot flashes, no periods 14 months; menopause; lifestyle and HRT counseled. Menopause (12 months amenorrhea — ~50y — FSH high: symptoms — hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood, bone loss: treat — lifestyle; HRT — estrogen ± progesterone — severe symptoms — <60y/10y — assess — breast cancer, VTE risks; non-hormonal — SSRIs; osteoporosis — calcium, vitamin D, exercise, bisphosphonates). Puberty (girls — breast 8–13y — thelarche; menarche 12–13y; Tanner staging: precocious — <8y — GnRH analogues; delayed — no breast 13y/no menses 16y — Turner, constitutional). The 12-month rule defines menopause — HRT is symptom-based.
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