pπ–pπ and pπ–dπ bonding
p-Block Elements · Chemistry
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Interactive 3DBall-and-stick models with true bond angles — switch molecule to compare shapes.
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Study notes
Water (H₂O) is bent: the two O–H bonds make an angle of 104.5°, not 180°, because oxygen's two lone pairs squeeze the bonding pairs together (VSEPR theory). Methane (CH₄) is tetrahedral with 109.5° between every pair of C–H bonds — the angle that keeps four electron pairs as far apart as possible. Switch molecules in the viewer above and compare their shapes.
Related topics
- Group 13 (boron family): borax, boric acid, diborane, aluminium compounds
- Group 14 (carbon family): allotropes of carbon, CO, CO2, silicones, silicates
- Group 15 (nitrogen family): ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid, phosphorus allotropes, phosphoric acid
- Group 16 (oxygen family): ozone, sulphur allotropes, sulphuric acid, oxides
- Group 17 (halogens): chlorine, HCl, oxoacids of halogens, interhalogen compounds
- Group 18 (noble gases): xenon fluorides and oxides